Driving Laws in Georgia - Complete Guide
Current information, rules, and requirements for international drivers
Quick Facts - Georgia
| Driving Side | Right |
|---|---|
| Steering Wheel | Left |
| Speed Units | km/h |
| Minimum Driving Age | 17 |
| Car Rental Age | 21-75 |
| Seat Belt Required | |
|---|---|
| Blood Alcohol Limit | 0.03% |
| IDP Required | Sometimes |
| Toll Roads | |
| Emergency Number | 112 |
Introduction
Driving in Georgia offers an adventurous way to explore the stunning Caucasus Mountains, ancient monasteries, and the vibrant capital of Tbilisi. Georgia follows right-hand traffic, with vehicles having the steering wheel on the left side, making it familiar for most international drivers. Tourists frequently rent cars to discover the country's diverse landscapes, from the Black Sea coast to the wine regions of Kakheti. The local currency is the Georgian Lari (GEL). While major highways connecting Tbilisi to Batumi and Kutaisi are generally in good condition, rural and mountain roads can be challenging, with uneven surfaces and occasional livestock crossings. Road signage is in both Georgian and Latin script on major routes, though secondary roads may only use Georgian script. Aggressive driving and overtaking are common, particularly on two-lane highways, so defensive driving is essential. Despite these quirks, self-driving is a popular way to experience Georgia's breathtaking scenery at your own pace.Is It Easy to Drive There?
Driving in Georgia can be moderately challenging for tourists. Urban areas like Tbilisi suffer from heavy congestion, erratic driving behaviors, and a scarcity of parking. Rural roads, especially in mountainous regions like Tusheti or Svaneti, may be unpaved, poorly lit, and lack guardrails. Road quality varies significantly; the main East-West Highway is modern, but secondary roads often feature potholes and faded markings. Visitors should be prepared for a relaxed adherence to traffic rules by local drivers and the occasional presence of animals on roadways. Night driving outside cities is discouraged due to limited lighting.Driving Side
Georgia operates right-hand traffic, meaning vehicles drive on the right side of the road and overtake on the left. Steering wheels are positioned on the left side of the vehicle. This arrangement is consistent with most of continental Europe and North America. Visitors from countries where left-hand traffic is the norm, such as the United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia, or India, should take extra time to adjust, particularly at intersections and roundabouts, where the flow may feel counter-intuitive initially.Speed Limits
| Road Type | Speed Limit | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Urban Areas | 60 km/h | Unless otherwise posted; 20 km/h in residential yards |
| Rural Roads | 90 km/h | Standard two-lane highways outside towns |
| Expressways | 110 km/h | Dual carriageways with at-grade intersections |
| Motorways | 120 km/h | Grade-separated highways, primarily the East-West Highway |
Speed cameras are increasingly common on major highways and in urban areas. Police often use radar guns and conduct spot checks. Fines for speeding are calculated based on the excess speed over the limit.
Seat Belt Laws
Seat belt use is mandatory for all vehicle occupants in Georgia, both in the front and rear seats where belts are fitted. The driver is legally responsible for ensuring all passengers are properly restrained. Failure to wear a seat belt can result in an on-the-spot fine of 40 GEL (approximately $15 USD). While enforcement has historically been inconsistent, police have increased checks in recent years, particularly in urban centers and on major intercity routes. Children under 12 years of age are prohibited from traveling in the front passenger seat and must use appropriate child restraint systems in the rear.Child Seat Rules
Children under 12 years of age and under 150 cm in height must be secured in an approved child restraint system appropriate for their weight and size. Infants must be placed in rear-facing car seats. Children aged 12 and over, or those who have exceeded 150 cm in height, may use standard adult seat belts. The use of ISOFIX anchorage points is permitted and recommended for compatible vehicles and seats. Taxis are generally exempt from the child seat requirement, though it is advisable for traveling families to arrange private transfers equipped with appropriate restraints for safety.Drink Driving Laws
Georgia has a low blood alcohol concentration limit of 0.03%, effectively a near-zero tolerance policy. Driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs carries severe penalties. For a BAC between 0.03% and 0.15%, the fine is 500 GEL (approximately $185 USD). If the BAC exceeds 0.15%, the violation is considered a criminal offense, resulting in a potential fine of up to 4,000 GEL (approximately $1,480 USD) and administrative detention. Refusing a breathalyzer test is treated as an admission of guilt and carries similar penalties. License suspension ranges from 6 months to 3 years. Police frequently conduct random breath tests, especially on weekends and holidays.Mobile Phone Rules
The use of a handheld mobile phone while driving is strictly prohibited in Georgia. Drivers may only use phones equipped with a hands-free system, such as Bluetooth or a dashboard-mounted device. GPS navigation is permitted provided the device is mounted and programmed before the journey begins. Holding a phone to text, call, or browse while the vehicle is in motion incurs a fine of 30 GEL (approximately $11 USD). Enforcement has been intensified in cities, and police actively ticket drivers seen handling devices at traffic lights and in congestion.Required Documents
- Valid passport or national ID card
- Valid driving licence from country of residence
- International Driving Permit (IDP) if your licence is not in Latin script or from a non-recognized state
- Vehicle registration document (if driving own vehicle)
- Motor third-party liability insurance certificate
- Rental agreement and insurance documents (if renting)
- Visa or residency permit, if applicable
International Driving Permit (IDP)
An International Driving Permit (IDP) is required for visitors whose national driving licences are not issued in Latin script or are not from a recognized state. Licences from the USA, EU member states, the UK, Canada, and Australia are accepted for short stays of up to one year without an IDP. However, an IDP is strongly recommended for all visitors because it provides a standardized translation that facilitates police checks and rental car processing. The 1968 Convention IDP is valid in Georgia. You must obtain the IDP in your country of residence before traveling, as it cannot be issued within Georgia.Road Signs
Road signs in Georgia generally conform to the Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals. Stop signs are red octagons with a white "STOP" text in Latin script. Yield signs are inverted white triangles with a red border. Regulatory signs are circular with red borders, while warning signs are triangular with red borders. A unique local characteristic is the frequent use of Georgian script alongside Latin on directional signage. Be attentive to cattle and wildlife warning signs in rural areas. Work zone signs are often orange, and temporary signs for road works or detours may be placed directly on the road surface.Toll Roads
Georgia does not currently have toll roads for passenger vehicles. The main East-West Highway and other major routes are free to use. The only exception is a small privately operated section of road near the Kazbegi border crossing, where a minimal fee is charged for infrastructure maintenance. As of 2026, there are no electronic toll collection systems or vignettes required for private cars. Tourists driving their own vehicles across borders should be aware that neighboring countries may have separate toll requirements, but within Georgia, travel on all highways is completely free for light vehicles.Fuel Stations
Fuel stations are widely available in urban areas and along major highways, with brands including Wissol, Gulf, Socar, and Rompetrol dominating the market. Regular petrol (92 octane) and premium petrol (95 and 98 octane) are widely available, alongside diesel and compressed natural gas. LPG is also very common. EV charging infrastructure is growing, primarily in Tbilisi, Batumi, and along the East-West Highway, with providers like Charge Georgia and Tesla destination chargers at select hotels. Average prices as of mid-2026 are approximately 3.20 GEL per liter for premium petrol (approximately $1.18 USD), 3.10 GEL per liter for diesel (approximately $1.15 USD), and 1.40 GEL per liter for CNG (approximately $0.52 USD). Most stations operate 24 hours a day on major routes.Parking Rules
Parking regulations in Georgia vary significantly by city. In Tbilisi, a zonal paid parking system managed by the Tbilisi Transport Company covers most central districts. Paid parking zones typically operate Monday through Saturday from 9:00 AM to 9:00 PM. Parking fees can be paid via SMS, the Tbilisi Parking mobile app, or at street-side kiosks. Hourly rates range from 1 to 3 GEL (approximately $0.37 to $1.11 USD) depending on the zone. Annual resident permits are available for locals. Illegal parking, including on sidewalks or blocking entrances, can result in fines between 50 and 100 GEL (approximately $18 to $37 USD). Wheel clamping is practiced in Tbilisi, and the release fee is 50 GEL (approximately $18 USD). In smaller towns and rural areas, parking is generally free and informally organized. Always park facing the direction of traffic.Roundabout Rules
At roundabouts in Georgia, vehicles already circulating within the roundabout have the right of way unless signs indicate otherwise. Drivers entering the roundabout must yield to traffic coming from the left. Lane discipline should be maintained; use the right lane for the first exit and the left lane for subsequent exits. Always signal your intention to exit the roundabout. Many roundabouts, especially in rural areas, are not clearly marked, so reduce speed and exercise caution. Flashing headlights from another driver generally means they are claiming the right of way rather than yielding.Winter Driving
Winter driving in Georgia demands preparation, particularly in mountainous regions. Winter tyres are mandatory for vehicles traveling on designated mountain passes from December 1 to March 31. Roads leading to ski resorts such as Gudauri, Bakuriani, and Mestia strictly require vehicles to be fitted with winter tyres or carry snow chains. The Georgian Transport Administration may close certain high-altitude routes, including the Georgian Military Highway to Stepantsminda, during severe snowstorms. It is advisable to carry chains, a shovel, and warm blankets. A 4x4 vehicle is highly recommended for winter travel in rural and alpine areas.Low Emission Zones
Georgia has not yet implemented formal low emission zones in its cities. Tbilisi Municipality has discussed introducing restricted traffic zones for older, high-polluting vehicles, but as of 2026, no such regulations are actively enforced. Occasional emergency smog-related traffic restrictions may be announced during winter months when air pollution levels spike in Tbilisi, but these are temporary and ad hoc. Electric and hybrid vehicles benefit from free parking in Tbilisi's paid zones, providing a financial incentive for eco-friendly driving. There are no emission stickers, registrations, or penalties specifically related to low emission zones in Georgia.Traffic Fines
| Violation | Fine (GEL) | Approximate USD |
|---|---|---|
| Speeding (up to 15 km/h over) | 50 GEL | $18 |
| Speeding (15-40 km/h over) | 100-200 GEL | $37-$74 |
| Speeding (over 40 km/h over) | 300-500 GEL | $111-$185 |
| Mobile phone use while driving | 30 GEL | $11 |
| Seat belt violation | 40 GEL | $15 |
| Drink driving (0.03%-0.15% BAC) | 500 GEL | $185 |
| Drink driving (over 0.15% BAC, criminal) | Up to 4,000 GEL | Up to $1,480 |
| Running a red light | 100 GEL | $37 |
| Illegal parking | 50-100 GEL | $18-$37 |
| Overtaking in prohibited area | 100 GEL | $37 |
Driving Tips for Tourists
- Expect the unexpected: Be prepared for pedestrians crossing suddenly, animals on rural roads, and vehicles overtaking on blind curves.
- Avoid night driving: Outside of major cities, roads are often unlit, and vehicles with broken headlights are common.
- Carry cash: Many fuel stations in rural areas and small shops do not accept credit cards. Keep small denominations of Georgian Lari handy.
- Download offline maps: Mobile data coverage can be spotty in the mountains; offline maps for navigation are essential.
- Dashcam: Using a dashcam is strongly recommended. It provides crucial evidence in the event of an accident, which is invaluable given the occasional insurance disputes.
- Watch for road damage: Potholes, rockfalls, and eroded road edges are common on secondary and mountain roads. Drive slowly and scan the road ahead.
- Police checkpoints: Do not be alarmed by stationary police checkpoints; they are common. Slow down, have your documents ready, and always be polite.
- Fuel up frequently: In remote areas like Tusheti or Svaneti, fuel stations are sparse. Fill your tank whenever you have the opportunity.
- Headlight use: Dipped headlights are mandatory during daytime on all roads outside built-up areas.
Renting a Car
Renting a car in Georgia is straightforward in major cities and at airports. The minimum rental age is generally 21, though drivers under 25 often incur a young driver surcharge of 15 to 25 GEL (approximately $5 to $9 USD) per day. A valid credit card in the main driver's name is typically required for the security deposit, which can range from 1,000 to 2,000 GEL (approximately $370 to $740 USD). Third-party liability insurance is included by law, but comprehensive collision damage waiver is highly recommended. Standard fuel policy is full-to-full. Average daily rental rates start from 70 GEL (approximately $26 USD) for an economy car, while a robust 4x4 suitable for mountain travel costs from 150 GEL (approximately $55 USD) per day. Many international companies and reputable local agencies operate at Tbilisi and Kutaisi airports. One-way rentals between cities are possible but should be arranged in advance. A 4x4 is strongly recommended for visiting remote regions, and before booking, check the vehicle's underbody condition and tyre tread, as rough terrain can take a toll.Frequently Asked Questions
Yes, it is generally safe for experienced and defensive drivers. The main risks involve aggressive local driving habits, livestock on rural roads, and poorly maintained secondary routes. Stick to main highways and avoid night driving for greater safety.
An IDP is required if your licence is not in Latin script. While licences from the US, UK, EU, and Australia are recognized without one for up to a year, an IDP is always recommended as a translation aid for police and rental agencies.
The legal limit is 0.03%, which is very low. It is effectively a near-zero tolerance policy. For a BAC between 0.03% and 0.15%, the fine is 500 GEL (approximately $185 USD).
Yes, a valid US driving licence is accepted for short-term visits of up to one year. It is advisable to also carry an International Driving Permit to simplify interactions with law enforcement.
Yes, automatic cars are available at major rental agencies in airports and cities, but the selection is more limited than manual transmissions. It is best to book an automatic in advance, especially during peak tourist season.
You can pay via the Tbilisi Parking mobile app, by sending an SMS with your plate number and zone code, or at street-side pay-and-display kiosks. Hourly rates range from 1 to 3 GEL (approximately $0.37 to $1.11 USD).
Speed limits are 60 km/h in urban areas, 90 km/h on rural roads, 110 km/h on expressways, and 120 km/h on motorways. Limits are strictly enforced by speed cameras and police radar on major highways.
Winter tyres are mandatory on designated mountain passes from December 1 to March 31. A 4x4 vehicle and snow chains are highly recommended for travel to ski resorts like Gudauri and Bakuriani.
No, there are virtually no toll roads for passenger cars in Georgia. All major highways, including the East-West Highway, are free to use.
You can pay traffic fines at any bank branch or via online banking. Rental car companies may also process the payment and charge your credit card for the fine plus an administrative fee.
Only with a hands-free system. Holding a mobile phone while driving is illegal and carries a fine of 30 GEL (approximately $11 USD).
Georgia drives on the right-hand side of the road, with the steering wheel on the left side of the car.
The minimum age to obtain a driving licence is 17. However, the minimum age to rent a car is typically 21, often with a young driver surcharge for those under 25.
Yes, Georgian traffic regulations mandate that every vehicle must carry a first aid kit, a fire extinguisher, and a warning triangle. Police may check for these items during roadside inspections.